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Asian Games 2018(Part-1)

What is an Asian Game? 

Asian Games:-

• Also known as Asiad. 
• Continental multi-sport event.
• Conducted every four years from all over Asia.
• Regulated by the Asian Games Federation (AGF). 
• Forty-six nations have participated in the Games, including Israel, which was excluded from the Games after their last participation in 1974.
• 2014 :-Asian Games has conducted in Incheon,South Korea

• 2022:- 19th Asian Games is scheduled to take place in Hangzhou, China.

Asian game 2018:-

• Also known as Jakarta-Palembang 2018. 
• Held from 18 August to 2 September 2018.
• Indonesia hosted second time after 1962. 
• Lucia Francisca Susy Susanti is a retired Indonesian badminton player who carried torch light at the 18th Asian Games.
• The sport of bridge has been introduced for the first time in the Asian Games 2018.
• There are 45 nations have participated in 18th Asian Games.
• Japanese swimmer Rikako Ikee was announced as the most valuable player (MVP) of the 2018 Asian Games.

Mascot 2018:-

Cenderawasih, a rare species of a bird in Indonesia had been selected as emblem for the 2018 Asian Games.But later this has been dropped and three new mascots were unveiled.

Bhin Bhin  –  a greater bird of paradise

Atung      –   a Bawean deer 

Kaka        –   a Javan rhinoceros

Motto:- Energy of Asia


Medal Table (2018):-

Rank	Country	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China (CHN)	132	92	65	289
2	Japan (JPN)	75	56	74	205
3	South Korea (KOR)	49	58	70	177
4	Indonesia (INA)	31	24	43	98
5	Uzbekistan (UZB)	21	24	25	70
8	India (IND)	15	24	30	69

India in Asian 2018:-

Javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra was the flag bearer for India at the opening ceremony of the Games.

• Indian women’s hockey team captain Rani Rampal was India’s flag-bearer at the closing ceremony.
• India finished the 18th Asian Games with 69 medals. 
• Wrestler Bajrang Punia  won gold medal in the men’s 65 kg freestyle after defeating Takatani Daichi of Japan 
• Vinesh Phogat from Haryana defeated Yuki Irie of Japan in the 50kg category at the Asian Games 2018. She became the first Indian woman wrestler to win a gold medal at the Asian Games.
• Saurabh Chaudhary from Uttar Pradesh won the Gold medal at the 2018 Asian Games in 10 m air pistol.He had earlier won a gold medal and set a new junior world record in the ISSF Junior World Cup in Suhl ,Germany.
• Rahi Sarnobat from Maharashtra became the first Indian woman shooter to win gold at the Asian Games against Naphaswan Yangpaiboon of Thailand in the Women’s 25m Pistol event in Palembang.
• Tejinder Pal Singh from Punjab won Gold medal in Men’s Shot Put throw with 20.75m in Jakarta, Indonesia. 

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Seating Arrangement (Part-1)

Q:If there are 3 chairs on each side of square, then what are the total number of ways in which we can arrange 12 people around the square table?

Ans: Sides of square are equal so a person X can sit around table in 3 ways(Any of the 3 chairs can be put on one side) 

So X can sit either on left chair, in the middle or the right chair. We can arrange other people in 

(N-1)!  i.e. (12-1)!=11!

Hence ways to arrange 12 people in=

3*(12-1)!=3*11! ways

Shortcut: If there are N people to be assigned a square table with  (N/4) seats on one side of it

Total ways=(N/4)*(N-1)!

Q: In how many ways can we arrange 10 people around rectangular table such that there are 3 chairs on longer side and 2 on shorter side? 

Ans. So if we consider the first person X

X can either sit on longer side or shorter side. 

For longer side there are 3 possibilities =left, right and center

For shorter side there are 2 possibilities =left and right

Hence X can sit in 5 ways

Total arrangement =5*(10-1)!

                                      =5*9!

Shortcut:

If we have N people that are needed to be arranged around rectangular table with 'a' seats on the longer side and 'b' seats on shorter side. 

Total ways: (a+b) *(N-1)!

Q:There are 12 people needed to be arranged around an equilateral triangular table, which has 4 seats on each side. How many arrangements are possible? 

Ans:

Equilateral triangle has all sides equal so first person i.e. X may sit on any one side

Ways to sit : 4(any of 4 chairs) 

Hence assignment =4*(12-1)!=4*11!

Shortcut:

N people are arranged around equilateral trangle

Total arrangements:(N/3)*(N-1)!

Q: 11 people arranged around isosceles triangle which has 4 seats each on equal sides and 3 seats on other. How many arrangements are possible? 

Ans:

So  first person.i.e X can either sit on equal side or the unequal sides

For unequal side=3 ways

For equal side=4 ways

So total ways= 7*(11-1)!=7*(10)!

Shortcut:

N people that are around isosceles triangle with 'a' seats on each of equal side and 'b' seats on unequal side

=(a+b) *(N-1)!

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Bright Thought-1

Successful people maintain a positive focus in life no matter what is going on around them. They stay focused on their past successes rather than their past failures, and on the next action steps they need to take to get them closer to the fulfillment of their goals rather than all the other distractions that life presents to them.

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Newspaper monthly Vocab-4

1. Hew:-to shape (something) by cutting with a sharp tool (such as an ax)
Examples:-
(a)They hewed logs to build a cabin.
(b)The walls are built of stones hewn by  skilled craftsmen.
Synonyms: chop (down), cut (down), fell, mow

2. Emissary:-a person who is sent on a mission to represent another person or organization
Examples:-
(a)She acted as the president's  personal emissary to the union leaders.
(b)most of the industrialized nations of the world sent emissaries to the conference on global warming
Synonyms: agent, delegate, ambassador, envoy, legate, minister, representative

3. Imbue:-to cause (someone or something) to be deeply affected by a feeling or to have a certain quality
Examples:-
(a)A feeling of optimism imbues her work
(b)her training at the school for the deaf imbued her with a sense of purpose that she had never known before
Synonyms: endue (or indue), infuse, inculcate, ingrain (also engrain), inoculate, invest, steep, suffuse

4.Outlive:- to continue to exist longer than(something)
Examples
(a)No mother wants to outlive her children
(b)He outlived his wife by 10 years.

5. Wager:-an agreement in which people try to guess what will happen and the person who guesses wrong has to give something (such as money) to the person who guesses right
Examples:-
(a)He has a wager on the game.
(b)I don't  think  the  horse  will  win.  What's  your wager?

6. Bally:-not doing what is wanted or expected
Examples:-
a balky toddler who only seemed to know the word “no” when told to do something
Synonyms: disobedient, contrary, contumacious, defiant, froward, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous

7.Festoon:- (a)a long chain or strip of something(such as flowers or cloth) that is hung as a decoration
(b)to cover or decorate (something) withmany small objects, pieces of paper, etc.
Examples
(a)We festooned the halls with leaves and white lights.
(b)The balcony is festooned in ivy.
(c)His office is festooned with newspaper clippings.
Synonyms: adorn, array, beautify, bedeck, bedizen, blazon, caparison, deck, do, doll up, do up

8. Dungaree:-
1 :a heavy coarse durable cotton twill woven  from  colored  yarns;  specifically :blue denim
2: clothes made usually of blue denim

9. Bedouin:-a nomadic Arab of the Arabian, Syrian, or northern African deserts

10. Ensconce: to firmly place or  hide  (someone or  something)
Examples:-
(a)The sculpture is safely ensconced behind glass.
(b)He ensconced himself in front of the television.
Synonyms: install, lodge, nestle, perch,  roost, settle

11. Appendage:-(a)medical : a body part (such as an arm or a leg) connected to the main part of the body
(b) something connected or joined to a larger or more important thing
Examples:-
(a)The court system acts as an appendage to the government.
(b)an appendage of a larger political party
Synonyms: accoutrement, adapter (also adaptor), add-on, adjunct

12. Like a bat out of hell:-very fast or sudden.
Example:-
The car pulled away from the curb like a bat out of hell.

13. Dastardly:-very cruel : using tricks to hurt people
Examples:-
(a)a dastardly attack on innocent civilians
(b)his dastardly conduct in a critical moment haunted him for the rest of his life
Synonyms: chicken, chickenhearted, chicken-livered, craven, cowardly, gutless, lily-livered

14. At the wheel:-driving a vehicle
Example:-
Don't worry, Katie's at the wheel, and she is very good at driving in the snow.

15. Demeanour:-a person's appearance and behavior :the way someone seems to be to other people
Example:-
the director of the opera company has a haughty demeanor that can be irritating
Synonyms: actions, address, bearing, comportment, conduct

16. Escapade:-an exciting, foolish, or dangerous experience or adventure
Examples:-
(A)As a teenager he embarked on a series of ill-advised escapades.
(B)their escapades at the prep school became the stuff of boarding-school legend
Synonyms: antic, caper, capriccio, dido, prank, frolic, gag, jest, knavery, monkeyshine(s), practical joke

17.Whippet:- a small, fast dog that is used for racing

18. Staccato:-
(a)short and not sounding connected
(b)sudden and brief
Example:-
the staccato blasts of a horn

19. Scraggly:-growing in a way that is not neat and even : having a ragged  appearance
Example:-
He has a scraggly beard
Synonyms: broken, craggy, jagged, ragged, scraggy

20. To the tune of:- some amount of money
Example:-
They managed to fix the car, to the tune of nearly 2500.

21. Shudder: to shake because of fear, cold, etc.
Example:-
a shudder ran through him as he stepped outside into the snow
Synonyms: quiver, shiver, tremble

PART-1 ---CLICK HERE

PART-2 ---CLICK HERE

PART-3 ---CLICK HERE

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CL 2017 Mocks with solution

It is advisable to bookmark this link or download mocks available in the link.
DOWNLOAD HERE

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Play with sum - shortcuts

• Sum of first n natural numbers= n(n+1)/2
• Sum of first n even numbers=n(n+1)
• Sum of first n odd numbers=n^2
• Sum of square of first n natural numbers=[n(n+1)(2n+1)]/6
• Sum of square of first n even natural numbers= [2n(n+1)(2n+1)]/3
• Sum of square of first n odd numbers=[n(4(n^2) - 1)]/3
• Sum of cube of first n natural numbers={[n(n+1)]/2}^2
• Sum of cube of first n even natural numbers=2[n(n+1)]^2
• Sum of cube of first n odd natural numbers= (n^2)*[2(n^2)-1]

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Aimcats 2017 mocks(Time mocks)

Hello guys,
Bookmark this link or download mocks available in this link because link will not be available for long time as it is against t&
Link will be available for download everyday for 2-3 hrs
Thanks

DOWNLOAD HERE

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Sixth Bi-Monthly Monetary Policy Statement for financial year 2017-18.

Sixth Bi-Monthly Monetary Policy Statement announcement, the policy rates and reserve ratios are as follows:

Policy Repo Rate	6.00%	Unchanged – since 2ndAugust 2017
Reverse Repo Rate	5.75%	Unchanged – since 2ndAugust 2017
Marginal Standing Facility Rate	6.25%	Unchanged – since 2ndAugust 2017
Bank Rate	6.25%	Unchanged – since 2ndAugust 2017
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)	4.00%	Unchanged – since 9thFebruary 2013
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)	19.50%	With Effect from 14thOctober 2017

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List of joint defence exercises of India with other countries

Indian Navy Joint Exercises

• Varuna naval exercise is joint exercise of navies of France and India.
• SLINEX.-Sri Lanka India Naval Exercise 
• INDRA is a joint, bi-annual military exercise conducted by India and Russia
• Exercise Malabar is a bilateral naval exercise involving the United States and India.
• Simbex - Indian Navy with Republic of Singapore Navy
• IBSAMAR with the Brazil and South African navies.
• KONKAN - A bilateral Naval Exercise between Indian Navy and Royal Navy of Britain
• AUSINDEX-Indian and Australian Navy Bilateral Maritime Exercise
• Sahyog-Kaijin -Joint exercise of Coast Guards of India and Japan
• Naseem Al Bahr - Joint navy exercise of  India and Oman

Indian Air Force Joint Exercises

• The joint India-UK air exercises are known as the “Indradhanush” or “Rainbow”.
• Garuda- India-France Air Exercise 
• Avia Indra  the India-Russia maiden aerial exercise.
• Exercise Red Flag -Between Air Forces of India and the U.S.
• Siam Bharat -Indian Air Force and Royal Thailand Air Force
• Desert Eagle-  India and  UAE
• Eastern Bridge - India-Oman bilateral air exercise

Indian Army Joint Exercises

• Mithra Shakti exercise- India and Sri Lanka.
• Hand-in-Hand. -India-China joint military training exercise 
• Exercise Shakti - India and France armies
• Exercise Nomadic Elephant- Indian Army exercises with the Mongolian Army.
• Exercise Yuddh Abhyas -Joint exercises between the Indian and United States Armies since 2005.
• Surya Kiran - India Nepal joint military exercise
• LAMITYE- India and Seychelles
• Prabal Dostyk - India Kazhakhstan Joint exercise
• Al-Nagah- Joint military exercise between Indian and Oman
• Ajeya Warrior - India and UK
• SAMPRITI - India-Bangladesh joint military exercise
• AUSTRA HIND - Australia and India
• Khanjar -  between India and Kyrgyzstan

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PNB Scam- INR 11500 crore fraud

Q1Who is Nirav Modi?
Nirav Modi was ranked 57 in Forbes India's Richest People List 2016, with a net worth of $1.74 billion. He founded Nirav Modi chain of diamond stores across the globe, including Hong Kong, Macau, Kula Lumpur and Malasia, under parent company Firestar International. Famous for his glitzy style of branding, his designs have been worn by 'Hidden Figures' star Taraji P, Dakota Johnson, Kate Winslet. Bollywood's very own Priyanka Chopra and actor Sidharth Malhotra were brand ambassadors for his jewellery line.

Q2. Who is Mehul Chinubhai Choksi?
Mehul Choksi, the Managing Director of ‘Gitanjali Gems’ and also the maternal uncle of Nirav Modi

Important terms:-

1. Buyer’s Credit - Buyer’s credit is a short term credit raised by Importers from overseas lenders in USD at low interest rates to deploy their working capital requirements. The overseas banks usually lend the importer (buyer) based on the Letter of Undertaking (a bank guarantee) issued by the importer's bank 
2. Letter of Undertaking (LoU) - It is a guarantee given by a bank branch located in India to a bank situated overseas that it would meet the liability if the borrowing firm defaults. They are usually backed by collateral(security) or Cash margin. LoU to foreign banks are sent through SWIFT.
3. SWIFT - Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It is a network between banks worldwide which enables one bank to make payments or to send information about a financial transaction to another.

What is the scam:-

On 14th Feb’s morning, PNB made a startling revelation to various Stock Exchanges that it has detected a colossal fraud worth Rs 115 billion (Rs 11,500 crore) in one of its Mumbai branches which has been defrauded by jeweller Nirav Modi, his maternal uncle Mehul Chinubhai Choksi, and other relatives through some firms they own with the help of the bank employees.

Two employees of PNB Mumbai Branch issued LoUs in a fraudulent manner and instructed overseas banks to pass on Buyer’s Credit to three firms of Mr. Nirav Modi, without proper collateral & due diligence.The LoUs sanctioned carried monetary value of around INR 11500 Crore.

Now since PNB has issued LoUs (which are like a guarantee), they would have to pay back the entire amount which the Nirav Modi’s firms availed as buyer’s credit, in case they(the firms) fail to do so. So the entire Rs. 11500 Crore will now lie as Contingent Liability in the books of PNB.

How it was executed:-

PNB employees misused the SWIFT network to transmit messages & the LoUs to Hong Kong branch of Allahabad Bank, Axis Bank, and Union Bank of India bypassing the bank’s internal record system to avoid detection by not recording them in PNB’s core-banking system (CBS).

Hong Kong branches of the respective banks then lent USD to Modi’s firms based on the terms of the SWIFT message they received from PNB - Mumbai. Modi’s firms used the Buyer’s Credit to settle import bills & laundered the major proportion of Money. Now since all the 3 Firms have defaulted, it becomes liability of the PNB to settle the claim.

How PNB Suffers after this scam:-

• Share Price of PNB - After continuous fall for the fourth day straight, the shares of Punjab National Bank (PNB) recovered .4 per cent (55 points up) to Rs 117.05 
•   Bank’s Recapitalisation plan - A huge damage will be done to the Recapitalisation plan under which govt. had announced to inject INR 2.1 Lakh Crores into PSU Banks for their revival. Since the major part was to be received by the PNB, it will now raise several questions before the govt.

What actions were taken by PNB,CBI,Govt.:-

• The CBI booked billionaire diamond merchant Nirav Modi, his brother Nishal and wife Ami, and business partner and maternal uncle Mehul Chinubhai Choksi on February 5 for allegedly cheating Punjab National Bank of over Rs 280.7 crore during 2017. All of them were partners or linked with Nirav Modi's companies, Diamon R US, Solar Exports, Stellar Diamonds, and allegedly conspired with PNB officials to cause 'wrongful loss
• CBI arrested Vipul Ambani who worked as the president (finance) of Nirav Modi's Firestar Diamond.
• The ED searched Nirav Modi's Mumbai residence at Samudra Mahal apartments in Worli and seized fresh assets worth Rs 22 crore, taking the total seizure to Rs 5,716 crore as raids continue across the country. Stores and facilities of Nirav Modi's company across the country have been raided to find evidence in the case. 
• The CBI has questioned around 13 officials from PNB, of which one is General Manager Rajesh Jindal who was in-charge at the Brady House branch of the PNB in 2011.

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Monthly newspaper vocab- Part-3

1. Botch:-to do (something)  badly  : to  ruin(something) because of carelessness or a lack of skill
Examples:-
(a)The store botched the order—I received only half the books I paid for.
(b)They clearly botched the investigation.
Synonyms: blow, bobble, boggle, bollix (up), boot, bugger(up), bumble, bungle, butcher, dub, flub, fluff, foozle, foul up, fumble, goof (up), louse up

2. Ire:-intense anger
Examples:-
(a)He directed his ire at the co-workers who reported the incident.
(b)the patronizing comment from the snooty waiter roused her ire

3. Hunch:-(a)to bend your body forward and down so that your back is rounded
(b)to raise (your shoulders or back) whilebending your head forward especially to hide or protect your face
(c)a belief or idea about something(especially a future event) that is not  based  on facts or evidence
Examples:-
(a)He hunched his shoulders as he headed out into the storm.
(b)he hunched next to a bush to avoid being seen
(c)My hunch is that the stock is going to go up in value.

4. Smorgasbord:-(a)a meal with many different foods that are placed on a  large  table so  that people can serve themselves
(b)a large mixture of many different things
Example:-
Every day the director has to first deal with a smorgasbord of problems before he can begin filming
Synonyms: agglomerate, agglomeration, alphabet soup , assortment,  botch,  clutter,  collage, crazy quilt,  farrago,  gallimaufry,  grab bag , gumbo,  hash,  hodgepodge, hotchpotch

5. Vouchsafe:-to give (something) to someone as a promise or a privilege
Example:-
He vouchsafed the secret to only a few chosen disciples.
synonym:-grant

6. Trounce:-to defeat (someone or something) easily and thoroughly

7. Citadel:-a castle or fort that in past times was used to protect the people of a city if the city was attacked
Examples:-
(a)We visited a medieval citadel in Italy.
(b)a massive stone citadel continues to command the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia
Synonyms: bastion, castle, fort, fastness, fortification, fortress, hold, redoubt, stronghold

8. Beau:- a woman's male lover or friend
Examples:-
(a)She introduced us to her latest beau.
(b)her new  beau  brought  flowers when he picked her up for their first date
Synonyms: boyfriend, boy, fellow, man, old man, swain

9. Eerie:-strange and mysterious
Examples
(a)The flames cast an eerie glow.
(b) a land of eerie beauty
Synonyms: creepy, haunting, spookish, spooky, uncanny, unearthly, weird

10.Machete:- a large, heavy knife that is used for cutting plants and as a weapon

11. Honey-trap:-a stratagem in which an attractive person entices another person into revealing information or doing something unwise.

12.serendipity:- luck that takes the form of finding valuable or pleasant things that are not looked for
Example:-
They found each other by pure serendipity.

13. Instauration:-restoration after decay, lapse, or dilapidation

14. Rudder:-a flat, movable piece usually of wood or metal that is attached to a ship, boat, airplane, etc., and is used in steering

15. Perch:-to sit on or be on something high or on something from which it is easy to fall
Example:-
(a)pigeons perching on the roof
(b)perched the baby in a basket
Synonyms: land, light, alight, roost, settle, touch down

16. Cordon:-a line of people or objects that are placed around or in front of a  person  or  place  to keep people away
Example:-
A cordon of police kept protesters away  from the building.

17. Recuperate:-(a)to return to normal health or strength after being sick, injured, etc.
(b)to get  back  (money  that  has  been spent, invested, lost, etc.)
Examples
(a)She took a day off to recuperate.
(b)half the office was out today, many employees being sick or recuperating from the flu
Synonyms: come back,  gain,  heal,  mend, pull round [chiefly British],  rally,  recoup, recover, convalesce, snap back

18. Inflict:-to cause someone to experience or be affected by (something  unpleasant  or harmful)
Example:-
(a)These insects are capable of inflicting a painful sting.

19. Jittery:-very nervous
Examples:-
(a)I always get jittery when I have to give a speech.
(b)The latest economic news has made some investors jittery.
Synonyms: fiddle-footed,  flighty,  fluttery,  high-strung,  hyper,  hyperactive,  hyperexcitable, hyperkinetic, excitable

20. Entice:-to attract (someone) especially by offering or showing something that is  appealing , interesting, etc.
Example:-
every commercial seemed to be for some tempting snack specifically designed to entice me from my diet
Synonyms: allure, bait, beguile, betray, decoy, lure, lead on, seduce, solicit, tempt

21. Heartthrob:-an attractive and usually famous man

22. Nebbish:-a timid, meek, or ineffectual person

23. Sumptuous:-very expensive, rich, or impressive
Example:-
(a)the cruise ship claims to offer sumptuous furnishings, exquisitely prepared cuisine, and stellar entertainment
Synonyms: Babylonian, deluxe, lavish, Lucullan (also Lucullian), luxe, luxuriant, luxury, opulent, palace, palatial, plush, plushy, silken, luxurious

24. Rubrics:-(a)a name or heading under which something is classified
(b)an explanation or a set of instructions at the beginning of a book, a test, etc
Examples
(a)the rubrics at the beginning of the  chapters are intended to be humorous
(b)the rubric, popular among jewelers anyway, that a man  should  spend  a  month's salary on his  fiancée's  engagement ring
Synonyms: caption, head, header, headline, heading, title

25. bring someone/something to their knees:-to almost defeat someone, or to make them extremely weak

26. the straw that broke the camel's back:-seemingly minor or routine action which causes an unpredictably large and sudden reaction, because of the cumulative effect of small actions.
Sentence:- I was already fed up with his laziness and insensitivity, but Jim's refusal to come with me to my own mother's funeral was the straw that broke the camel's back.

27. Begrudge:-(a)to think that someone does not deserve something : to regard(something) as not being earned or deserved
(b)to give or allow (something) in a reluctant or unwilling way
Examples:-
(a)She's worked hard to get where she is. You shouldn't begrudge her the success she's earned.
(b)After what he's been through, it's hard to begrudge him the money he has.
(c)You shouldn't begrudge her success.
Synonyms: envy, resent

28. Immolate:-to kill or destroy (someone or something) by fire
Examples:-
(a)a man who immolated himself as an act of protest
(b)a ceremony in which they immolated their cherished possessions so that the gods would send rain
Synonyms: sacrifice, offer

29. Swindle: to take money or property from(someone) by using lies or tricks
Example:-
hundreds of people were swindled out of their savings, and all they had to  show  for it were fake land deeds
Synonyms: beat, bilk, bleed, cheat, chisel, chouse, con, cozen, defraud, diddle, do, do in, euchre, fiddle, flimflam, gaff

30. Chide:- to express mild disapproval of (someone) : to scold (someone) gently
Examples
(a)She chided us for arriving late.
(b)You really should have been here on time,” she chided.
Synonyms: admonish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, tick off

31. Behest:-an authoritative order
Example:-
I only made the change at the author's behest.
Synonyms: command, charge, commandment, decree, dictate, direction, directive

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Common errors-How to use articles 'a' and 'an' (part-1)

Vowels:- a,e,i,o,u
Consonants:-All other alphabets excluding vowels

Usage of An:-
1. Before words beginning with vowel sounds 
Example:-
-an apple
-an egg
-an owl

2. Before words beginning with F,H,L,M,N,R,S,X
These letters are not vowels but begin with vowel sound
Example:-
-an M.L.A.
-an R.F.A.
-an N.C.C.
-an officer
-an F.I.R.
-an X-ray
-an H.E. school
-an S.P.

3. Before words beginning with silent 'h'
Example:-
-an honourable man (pronounced as onourable)
-an hour (pronounced as our)
-an honest man (pronounced as onest)


Usage of A:-
1. (i) In the sense of one
Example:-
-He couldn't speak a word to save himself
(ii) With 'one'('one' begins with sound of 'w')
Example:-
- a one rupee note ( where 'one' is pronounced as won)

2. Before words beginning with consonant value 
Example:-
- a boy
- a dog
- a cat

3. With vowel letters having consonant value
Example:-
- a university ( pronounced as yuniversity)
- a unit ( pronounced as yunit)

4. With measurable units and rate(per), amount
Example:-
- He saves rupees six hundred a month
- He sells rice ten rupees a kilo
- Give me a metre length of the cloth

5. In exclamatory expressions before singular countable nouns
Example:-
- What a pretty girl!
- How sunny a day !

6. When two subjects or articles are thought of as a single unit
Example:-
- He was ready with a cup and saucer
- A cigarette is made of a paper and tobacco

7. With certain expressions of quantity
Example:-
- a lot of
- a dozen
- a great deal of
- a couple

8. With a person's name to indicate that the person is perhaps unknown to the addressed
Example:-
- A Mr. Roy is at the door

9. With a special meal (to celebrate something or in someone's honour)
Example:-
- I called Ram to a dinner to celebrate my success

10. To make a common noun of a proper noun
Proper noun:- name of person,place,monuments etc
Common noun:- class of proper noun like car,man etc
Example:-
-The man is a second Newton


Stay tuned for part -2
Feel free to comment below
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Shortcut to find last non zero digit of factorials

Hello guys we are back with new shortcut on how to find last non zero digit of factorials

Shortcut:-
LNZ[(10*n)!]=LNZ(4^n)*LNZ[(2*n)!]
Where LNZ=Last non zero digit
              *=Multiplication

Examples:-
Q1 Find last non zero digit of 100! ?
Sol:-Here n=10 ,because{100!=(10*10)!}
=>LNZ[(10*10)!]=LNZ(4^10)*LNZ[(2*10)!]----(1)
Now find LNZ[(2*10)!]
=>LNZ[(10*2)!]=LNZ(4^2)*LNZ[(2*2)!]
                        =6*4=24=4(we have to find                                                     last digit)
Now put the  value of LNZ[(10*2)!] in eq(1)
=>LNZ[(10*10)!]=LNZ(4^10)*LNZ[(10*2!)]
                             =6*4=4

As LNZ(4^Even)=6

So Last non zero digit of 100!=4

Q2. what is the last non zero digit of 110! ?
Sol:-Here n=11 ,because {110!=(10*11)!}
=>LNZ[(10*11)!]=LNZ(4^11)*LNZ[(2*11)!]
=>LNZ[(10*11)!]=LNZ(4^11)*22*21*LNZ[(2*10)!]
=>LNZ[(10*11)!]=4*22*21*4=2

AS LNZ(4^ODD)=4
and LNZ[(2*10)!]=4(Already proved from previous example)

Stay tuned for more such shortcuts
Thanks

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Maldives in state of emergency

Former President-Mohamed Nasheed
Current President-Abdulla Yameen

In Nov 2008- Mohamed Nasheed becomes first democratically elected president of Maldives after the 30-year rule of former President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.

Mohamed Nasheed's Party Name- Maldivian Democratic party (MDP)

In Feb 2012- Nasheed announces his resignation after a mutiny by the police.

Why did he resigns?

Mr. Nasheed ordered the military to arrest the criminal court judge, Abdulla Mohamed, accusing the judge of acting on behalf of Mr. Gayoom and compromising the fairness of the country’s courts. The arrest, which was widely condemned, prompted the nightly protests in Male

In Nov 2013- Abdulla Yameen defeats Nasheed in presidential election run off and came to power

Abdulla Yameen's Party Name-Progressive Party of Maldives

In Feb 2015- Mohamed Nasheed was arrested on terrorism charges and later jailed for three years

In May 2016- Mohamed Nasheed is granted refugee status in U.K. where he had gone for treatment

In Aug 2016- Arrest warrant issued against Nasheed for failing to return 

currently happening in Maldives:-

What is president Yameen doing?

President Yameen has presided over a crackdown
President Yameen:-
----has systematically alienated his coalition
----jailed or exiled every major opposition political figure
----deprived elected members of parliament of their right to represent their votes 
-----revised laws to erode human rights and fired any officials who refused orders
------Refuse to comply with court order
------sent soldiers to storm the supreme court and arrest chief justice and supreme court judges

What supreme court asks Yameen to do?

Supreme court ordered Yameen:-
------to release nine dissidents
------to restore the seats of 12 legislators
------to release top opposition officials

Miscellaneous:-
The armed forces chief has backed Yameen.The emergency declaration give the forces sweeping powers to detain opponents,and bars parliament from impeaching Yameen
Oppositional supporters scuffle with security officers

What China and india is saying:-

China:-"We believe the Maldives govt.and political parties have the wisdom and capability to deal with current situation on their own"

India:-"We are disturbed by the declaration of a state of emergency following the refusal of govt. to abide by the unanimous ruling of full bench of supreme court and also by the suspension of constitutional rights of the people of the Maldives"

Thanks
Stay tuned for more such posts
Hope you liked it

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